Traduzione automatica
Ogni installazione di QCAD Professional include alcuni strumenti a riga di comando. Questi strumenti a riga di comando possono essere utilizzati per convertire in batch i file di disegno CAD, estrarre informazioni, generare dati cartografici o altrimenti elaborare i file CAD in modo automatico.
Contenuti
Note sulla Piattaforma
Windows
Con Windows, queste utilità sono incluse come file batch (.bat) nell’installazione della directory di QCAD.
macOS
Con macOS, troverai le utilità negli script shell nell’applicazione in bundle qui sotto:
QCAD-Pro.app/Contents/Resources
Linux
Anche con i sistemi Linux, le utilità sono incluse come script shell nell’installazione della directory di QCAD.
dwginfo
(anche dxfinfo)
dwginfo elenca le informazioni da un file DXF/DWG. Attualmente, può elencare tutti i livelli, i blocchi o il numero totale di entità nel file.
Usage: ./dwginfo [OPTION]... <drawing file>
Exracts various information from a DXF/DWG file.
-h, -help Display this help
-b, -blocklist List all block names
-l, -layerlist List all layer names
-e, -entities Output number of entities in file
macOS specific options:
-no-dock-icon Don't show icon in dock. This should only be used
in combination with -no-gui.
dwg2csv
(anche dxf2csv)
dwg2csv estrae le proprietà dalle entità DXF/DWG in un foglio di calcolo CSV.
Usage: ./dwg2csv [OPTIONS]... <drawing file>
Extracts information from a drawing file (DWG, DXF, ...) to CSV.
-d, -decimals Number of decimal places for float value
-f, -force Overwrite existing output file
-l, -list List available entity types and their properties
-o FILE, -outfile=FILE Set output file to FILE
default is same path and base name as input file
-p PROPERTY Extract given PROPERTY (e.g. 'Start Point:X')
Multiple properties may be extracted
Defaults to all properties of the given object type(s)
-t OBJECT_TYPE Object or entity type (e.g. 'Line', 'Layer', ...)
Defaults to all object type(s)
macOS specific options:
-no-dock-icon Don't show icon in dock. This should only be used
in combination with -no-gui.
dwg2bmp
(anche dwg2png, dwg2jpeg, dwg2tiff, dxf2png, dxf2jpeg, dxf2tiff, ...)
dwg2bmp converte un file DXF or DWG in un file bitmap. I formati output supportati sono: BMP, ICO, JPEG, PNG, PPM, TIFF, XBM, XPM.
Il numero massimo di byte per i dati immagine raw è di 2'147'483'647 byte. Con quattro byte per pixel (ARGB), la dimensione massima per il file di output è di 536'870'911 pixels, o ad esempio 23'170x23'170 pixel.
Usage: ./dwg2bmp [OPTIONS]... <drawing file>
Converts a drawing file (DWG, DXF, ...) to a bitmap file (BMP, PNG, ...).
-a, -antialiasing Enable antialiasing
-b, -background=C Set the background color as color name
e.g. 'white' or '#ccdd00'.
-block=BLOCK_NAME Name of block (or layout) to output
(defaults to *Model_Space)
-c, -color-correction Enable color correction to prevent white on white
or black on black painting
-d, -recompute-dim Recompute dimension blocks if empty
(dimensions rendered with best compatibility)
-f, -force Overwrite existing output file
-flat Flatten to 2D (Z==0)
-fs, -font-substitution FONT1 FONT2
Substitute FONT1 with FONT2
-h, -help Display this help
-no-weight-margin Don't add additional margin to compensate for
lineweight
-k, -grayscale Grayscale
-layer=LAYER_NAMES Comma-separated list of layer(s) to export
List may include regular expressions
-l, -list List supported formats
-ltscale=FACTOR Set linetype scale to FACTOR
-m, -margin=M Set auto zoom margin to M (in pixels)
-n, -monochrome Monochrome (black / white)
-o, -outfile=FILE Set output file to FILE
Default is same path and base name as input file
-q, -quality=Q Set the image quality / compression
(0=best compression..100=best quality)
-r, -resolution=R Set rendering resolution to R
(in pixels/drawing unit)
This overrides the width/height parameters.
-u, -unit=[in|m|mm] Assume input data to be in given unit
Default is the drawing unit
Mainly useful for drawings with unit 'None'
-w, -window=X,Y,W,H Zoom to given window
-x, -width=W Set bitmap width to W (in pixels)
-y, -height=H Set bitmap height to H (in pixels)
The maximum size for width*height is 536870911 pixels
-zoom-all Auto zoom to maximum extends of all layers
-p, -origin Draw zero point (origin)
macOS specific options:
-no-dock-icon Don't show icon in dock. This should only be used
in combination with -no-gui.
dwg2svg
(anche dxf2svg)
dwg2svg converte un file DXF or DWG in un file SVG (Grafica Vettoriale Scalabile). Il file di output può essere ottimizzato per sembrare esattamente come il file di disegno (default) o per trasferire più geometria possibile (switch -g).
Usage: ./dwg2svg [OPTIONS]... <drawing file>
Converts a drawing file (DWG, DXF, ...) file to an SVG file.
-a, -adjust Adjust page size to include thickest line weight
-b, -bottom=MB Set page margin at bottom to MB
-block=BLOCK_NAME Name of block (or layout) to output
(defaults to *Model_Space)
-c, -circle=CR Export points as circles with radius CR
-d, -recompute-dim Recompute dimension blocks if empty
(dimensions rendered with best compatibility)
-decimals=D Decimal places for float values (defaults to 4)
-e, -equal-margins=M Set all page margins to M
-l, -r, -t and -b are ignored
-embed-images Embed images (bitmaps)
-f, -force Overwrite existing output file
-flat Flatten to 2D (Z==0)
-fs, -font-substitution FONT1 FONT2
Substitute FONT1 with FONT2
-g, -preserve-geometry Preserve as much of the original geometry as possible
Default is identical rendering
-h, -help Display this help
-i, -inkscape Generate additional information for Inkscape
-l, -left=ML Set page margin at left to ML
-layer=LAYER_NAMES Comma-separated list of layer(s) to export
List may include regular expressions
-layer-attribute Export layer attributes into QCAD SVG namespace
-ltscale=FACTOR Set linetype scale to FACTOR
-n, -no-comments Suppress comments for DXF entities
-o, -outfile=FILE Set output file to FILE
Default is same path and base name as input file
-p, -open Open the converted file after conversion
-u, -unit=[in|m|mm] Assume input data to be in given unit
Default is the drawing unit
Mainly useful for drawings with unit 'None'
-r, -right=MR Set page margin at right to MR
-s, -scale=SF Set scale factor to SF
-t, -top=MT Set page margin at top to MT
-w, -min-lineweight=LW Set minimum line weight to LW drawing units
Defaults to 0.001 since 0 in SVG means invisible
-no-text-transforms Don't use transformations for text entities
-x, -cross=CS Export points as crosses with size CS
macOS specific options:
-no-dock-icon Don't show icon in dock. This should only be used
in combination with -no-gui.
Points: If neither -c nor -x is given, points are not exported.
SVG Units: SVG only supports the following CAD units: mm, cm, in.
- Unsupported Metric drawing units are converted to Millimeters.
- Unsupported Imperial drawing units are converted to Inches.
Use -s to scale and avoid large values.
Margins: Margin values have to be specified in the (converted) SVG unit.
Examples:
Adjust page, set all margins to 1.5, export points as circles with radius 0.5:
./dwg2svg -a -e 1.5 -c 0.5 file.dwg
Set scale factor to '1:200':
./dwg2svg -s 1:200 file.dwg
dwg2pdf
(anche dxf2pdf)
dwg2pdf converte un file DXF or DWG in un file PDF.
Usage: ./dwg2pdf [OPTIONS]... <drawing file>
Converts a drawing file (DWG, DXF, ...) to a PDF file.
-a, -auto-fit Auto fit and center drawing to paper
-auto-orientation Auto paper orientation (landscape or portrait)
based on document bounding box
-block=BLOCK_NAMES Comma-separated list of block(s) or
layout(s) to export
List may include regular expressions
List defines order of export unless
-block-sort is used
A block may be exported more than once
unless -block-unique is used
-block-sort Sort blocks in natural order
Layouts are sorted by tab order
and exported before blocks
Blocks are ordered alphanumerically
-block-unique Export every matching block only once
-c, -center Auto center drawing on paper
-d, -recompute-dim Recompute dimension blocks if empty
(dimensions rendered with best compatibility)
-e, -papers List all supported paper size names
-point-size=SIZE Set size of points in mm
-f, -force Overwrite existing output file
-flat Flatten to 2D (Z==0)
-fs, -font-substitution FONT1 FONT2
Substitute FONT1 with FONT2
-h, -help Display this help
-k, -grayscale Grayscale
-l, -landscape Landscape (default is portrait)
-layer=LAYER_NAMES Comma-separated list of layer(s) to export
List may include regular expressions
-list-printers List all available printers
-ltscale=FACTOR Set linetype scale to FACTOR
-m, -margin=M Set paper margins to M
-n, -monochrome Monochrome (black / white)
-o, -outfile=FILE Set output file to FILE
default is same path and base name as input file
-offset=X,Y Set offset to X,Y in drawing units
('3,4', '7/2,1/4', '0.5,-1.5', ...)
-p, -paper=WxH Set paper size to W x H in mm or to named paper size
('A4', 'Letter', ...)
-pdf-version=VER Specify PDF version to
'1.4' (default) for PDF 1.4
'1.6' for PDF 1.6
'A' or 'A-1B' or 'A1B' for PDF/A-1B
-printer=PRINTER Print directly to PRINTER or default printer
if no printer given
-rows=ROWS Set number of paper rows to ROWS
-s, -scale=SCALE Set drawing scale to given scale
('1', '2', '0.5', '1:1', '1:5', '5:1', ...)
-cols=COLS Set number of paper columns to COLS
-u, -unit=[in|m|mm] Assume input data to be in given unit
Default is the drawing unit
Mainly useful for drawings with unit 'None'
-w, -min-lineweight=LW Set minimum line weight on paper to LW Millimeter
-max-lineweight=LW Set maximum line weight on paper to LW Millimeter
macOS specific options:
-no-dock-icon Don't show icon in dock. This should only be used
in combination with -no-gui.
dwgmapconvert
(anche dxfmapconvert)
dwgmapconvert converte un disegno da un sistema di coordinate di mappa (CRS) ad un altro, per esempio da un CRS locale a Web Mercator (EPSG:3857). Si prega di fare riferimento anche al nostro tutorial sulle piastrelle della mappa.
Usage: ./dwgmapconvert [OPTIONS]... <drawing file>
Converts a drawing file (DWG, DXF, ...) from one CRS to another.
Typically used to convert the coordinate system before running
dwg2maptiles.
-block=BLOCK_NAME Name of block (or layout) to output
(defaults to *Model_Space)
-crs-in=CRS Data is in given coordinate reference system (CRS *)
-crs-out=CRS Transform to given coordinate reference system (CRS *)
* CRS can be either of:
- An object code such as 'EPSG:2056'
- An object name such as 'LV95'
- A WKT string ('PROJCS[...]')
- A proj-string ('+proj=...')
-crs-list List supported coordinate reference systems (CRS)
-d, -recompute-dim Recompute dimension blocks if empty
(dimensions rendered with best compatibility)
-f, -force Overwrite existing output file
-fs, -font-substitution FONT1 FONT2
Substitute FONT1 with FONT2
-h, -help Display this help
-layer=LAYER_NAMES Comma-separated list of layer(s) to export
List may include regular expressions
-ltscale=FACTOR Set linetype scale to FACTOR
-retain-texts Retain (don't segmentate) text labels
Only the text position and height is transformed
-segment-length=L Segmentate all entities with segment length L
-simplify Simplify after segmentation
-o, -outfile=FILE Set output file to FILE
-r, -release=RELEASE Set output DXF/DWG release to RELEASE.
Defaults to R27.
-u, -unit=[in|m|mm] Assume input data to be in given unit
Default is the drawing unit
Mainly useful for drawings with unit 'None'
macOS specific options:
-no-dock-icon Don't show icon in dock. This should only be used
in combination with -no-gui.
dwg2maptiles
(anche dxf2maptiles)
dwg2maptiles crea automaticamente set di riquadri da usare in mappe online . La directory/struttura file generata segue lo standard di (z/x/y.png). Il numero dei livelli di zoom (z) è adattabile. I suddetti riquadri della mappa possono essere usati per creare mappe interattive per il web, usando leaflet.js ad esempio. Clicca qui per visualizzare esempi di mappe create con dwg2maptiles e leaflet.js.
Usage: ./dwg2maptiles [OPTIONS]... <drawing file>
Converts a drawing file (DWG, DXF, ...) to a set of
bitmap files (PNG, JPEG, ...) for use with online maps, e.g. leaflet.js.
-a, -antialiasing Enable antialiasing
-skip-empty Skip empty tiles
-b, -background=C Set the background color as color name
e.g. 'white', '#ccdd00' or 'transparent'
-block=BLOCK_NAME Name of block (or layout) to output
(defaults to *Model_Space)
-c, -color-correction Enable color correction to prevent white on white
or black on black painting
-center=X,Y Set center of first tile to X,Y in drawing units
-d, -recompute-dim Recompute dimension blocks if empty
(dimensions rendered with best compatibility)
-tile-markers Add tile markers (for testing, debugging)
-e, -tile=ROW,COL Generate only tile at ROW,COL
-f, -force Overwrite existing output file
-flat Flatten to 2D (Z==0)
-fs, -font-substitution FONT1 FONT2
Substitute FONT1 with FONT2
-h, -help Display this help
-k, -grayscale Grayscale
-layer=LAYER_NAMES Comma-separated list of layer(s) to export
List may include regular expressions
-l, -list List supported formats
-ltscale=FACTOR Set linetype scale to FACTOR
-m, -margin=M Set auto zoom margin to M (in percent)
Default is 10%
-tms Y=0 is at the bottom (typically used for TMS,
default is Y=0 at the top for WMS)
-n, -monochrome Monochrome (black / white)
-o, -outdir=DIR Set output dir to DIR
default is same path and base name as input file
-hq-postfix=P Generate high-res tiles (512px) in addition to
256px tiles and use the given postfix for the
high-res output files, e.g. '@2x' for '[email protected]'
-q, -quality=Q Set the image quality / compression
(0=best compression..100=best quality)
-r, -resolution=R Set rendering resolution of first tile to R
(in pixels/drawing unit)
This overrides the width/height parameters
-screen-lt Use screen based linetypes (thin, visible patterns)
-s, -subsection=N,M Generate subsection N of M
Examples:
1,4: generate first of four subsections
4,4: generate fourth of four subsections
7,8: generate seventh of eight subsections
-t, -format File format (png, jpeg, gif)
-u, -unit=[in|m|mm] Assume input data to be in given unit
Default is the drawing unit
Mainly useful for drawings with unit 'None'
-x, -width=W Set bitmap width to W (in pixels)
-y, -height=H Set bitmap height to H (in pixels)
-y, -height=H Set bitmap height to H (in pixels)
-x-offset=X X offset for fine tuning
-y-offset=Y Y offset for fine tuning
-opacity=O Make all tiles (semi-)transparent using the given opacity
0.0: transparent
1.0: opaque
-p, -origin Draw zero point (origin)
-web-mercator Input is in Web Mercator coordinates,
from example from dwgmapconvert
-z, -zoomlevels Number or range of zoom levels, defaults to 0-6
Examples:
5: zoom levels 0,1,2,3,4,5
3-5: zoom levels 3,4,5
1,3,5: zoom levels 1,3,5
3-3: zoom level 3 only
macOS specific options:
-no-dock-icon Don't show icon in dock. This should only be used
in combination with -no-gui.
dwg2dwg
(anche dwg2dxf, dxf2dwg)
dwg2dwg legge e scrive file DXF or DWG ed eroga file DXF o DWG. Diverse impostazioni come la versione del formato del file possono essere cambiate.
Usage: ./dwg2dwg [OPTIONS]... <drawing file>
Converts a drawing file (DWG, DXF, ...) file from one version to another.
-f, -force Overwrite existing output file
-h, -help Display this help
-l, -list List supported releases
-n, -setdimfont=FONT Set the dimension font to the given font
-o, -outfile=FILE Set output file to FILE
Default is same path and base name as input file
-r, -release=RELEASE Set output DXF/DWG release to RELEASE
-s, -set=VARIABLE:VALUE Set the given known variable to the given value
For example -s DIMASZ:2.5
DXF header variables that can be changed are
(among others):
DIMADEC: Angular dimension label precision (0-8)
DIMASZ: Dimension arrow size
DIMAUNIT: Angular dimension label format
0: decimal degrees
1: deg/min/sec
2: gradians
3: radians
4: surveyors
DIMAZIN: Trailing zeroes for angular dimensions
(0: on, 2: off)
DIMDEC: Set linear dimension label precision (0-8)
DIMDLI: Dimension line increment
DIMEXE: Extension line extension
DIMEXO: Extension line offset
DIMGAP: Dimension line gap
DIMLUNIT: Set linear dimension label format
1: scientific
2: decimal
3: engineering
4: architectural
5: fractional
DIMTSZ: Dimension arch tick size (0 for arrow)
DIMTXT: Dimension text height
DIMZIN: Trailing zeroes (0: on, 8: off)
-t, -substitute=FONT1:FONT2
Substitute FONT1 with FONT2 in all texts
macOS specific options:
-no-dock-icon Don't show icon in dock. This should only be used
in combination with -no-gui.
dwghatch
(anche dxfhatch)
dwghatch crea un’entità di tratteggio di riempimento solido usando percorsi racchiusi all’interno del file di disegno dato come contorno. I percorsi delimitati contenuti in altri percorsi delimitati sono considerati delle isole.
Usage: ./dwghatch [OPTIONS]... <drawing file>
Fill all fillable (closed) boundaries of the given drawing
file (DXF, DWG) with a solid fill hatch.
-f, -force Overwrite existing output file
-h, -help Display this help
-o FILE, -output=FILE Set CAD output file to FILE
macOS specific options:
-no-dock-icon Don't show icon in dock. This should only be used
in combination with -no-gui.
dwghatcharea
(anche dxfhatcharea)
dwghatcharea produce l'area di tutti i tratteggi o riempimenti solidi del file dato per layer.
Usage: ./dwghatcharea [OPTIONS]... <drawing file>
List the area of all hatches (or solid fills) of the given drawing
file (DXF, DWG).
If hatch loops are intersecting, the result is not correct / not defined.
-block=BLOCK_NAME Name of block (or layout) to process
(defaults to *Model_Space)
-f, -factor Linear factor applied to all lengths
-flat Flatten to 2D (Z==0)
-h, -help Display this help
-layer=LAYER_NAMES Comma-separated list of layer(s) to process
List may include regular expressions
Defaults to all visible layers
-s, -segment=LENGTH Segment length for curve segmentation.
Shorter means slower but more precise.
Defaults to 0.1 drawing units.
macOS specific options:
-no-dock-icon Don't show icon in dock. This should only be used
in combination with -no-gui.
dwgexplode
(anche dxfexplode)
dwgexplode esplode tutte le entità complesse nel disegno in entità più semplici (punti, linee, archi e cerchi).
Usage: ./dwgexplode [OPTIONS]... <drawing file>
Explodes blocks, ellipses, texts in the given drawing file (DXF, DWG).
-f, -force Overwrite existing output file
-t, -types=TYPES Comma separated list of entity types that
should NOT be exploded any further
Default is to explode everything into points,
lines, arcs and circles
-h, -help Display this help
-o, -output=FILE Set CAD output file to FILE
Examples:
./dwgexplode -t Text,Polyline -o out.dxf in.dxf
Explodes everything except texts and polylines.
Dimensions for example are exploded into lines, polylines
(for the arrows) and a text label.
macOS specific options:
-no-dock-icon Don't show icon in dock. This should only be used
in combination with -no-gui.
merge
merge è un potente strumento per mettere insieme multipli file di disegno (DXF, DWG,...). Ogni disegno può essere individualmente posizionato, rotato, scalato e capovolto sia orizzontalmente che verticalmente. Uno dei parametri usati quando si richiede “merge” è un file XML che definisce quali disegni sono inseriti e dove, a quale angolo ecc.
Il tag "insert" (inserire) potrebbe essere ripetuto per inserire lo stesso disegno diverse volte con differenti parametri..
Usage: ./merge [OPTIONS]... <XML config file>
Merges multiple drawing files (DWG, DXF, ...) into one.
-f, -force Overwrite existing output file
-h, -help Display this help
-t TYPE, -type=TYPE Set file type to TYPE
(e.g. R12...R27 or 2000...2013)
-o FILE, -outfile=FILE Set output file to FILE
default is same path and base name as input file
macOS specific options:
-no-dock-icon Don't show icon in dock. This should only be used
in combination with -no-gui.
XML format:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<merge xmlns="http://qcad.org/merge/elements/1.0/" unit="Millimeter">
<item src="/file1.dxf">
<insert x="10" y="0" angle="30" flipx="false" flipy="false" />
</item>
</merge>
bbox
bbox emette la casella di delimitazione (estensione minima e massima e dimensione) di un disegno nel formato:
Min: x/y
Max: x/y
Size: larghezza/altezza
Usage: ./bbox <drawing file>
Prints the minimum, maximum and size of the given drawing.
-h, -help Display this help
macOS specific options:
-no-dock-icon Don't show icon in dock. This should only be used
in combination with -no-gui.
dwgnest (QCAD/CAM)
(anche dxfnest)
dwgnest è la versione a riga di comando dello strumento di nesting di QCAD/CAM. dwgnest annida tutte le parti su un dato livello / insieme di livelli nei fogli su un diverso livello / insieme di livelli.
Usage: ./dwgnest [OPTIONS]... <drawing file>
Nests parts on a layer to sheets on another layer in the given drawing file (DXF, DWG).
-a, -alignment=ALIGN Alignment [0-7]: (first priority, second priority)
0: Left bottom
1: Left top
2: Right bottom
3: Right top
4: Bottom left
5: Bottom right
6: Top left
7: Top right
Defaults to 0
-e, -strategy Strategy [0-1]:
0: Align
1: Hull
Defaults to 0
-f, -force Overwrite existing output file
-h, -help Display this help
-i, -iterations=ITR Number of iterations to use
Higher numbers yield better results but take longer
Defaults to 100
-r, -rotations=ROT Use ROT rotations for parts
Defaults to 4, meaning rotate by
0 degrees, 90 degrees,
180 degrees or 270 degrees
-s, -sheets=LAYER_NAMES Comma-separated list of layer(s) containing sheets
List may include regular expressions
-m, -margin Margin (minimum distance between parts)
Defaults to 0
-n, -sheet=MARGIN Sheet margin (minimum distance between sheet and parts)
Defaults to 0
-no-align Don't alon parts with largest side to X axis
-no-holes Don't use holes for part placement
-o, -output=FILE Set CAD output file to FILE
-p, -parts=LAYER_NAMES Comma-separated list of layer(s) containing parts
List may include regular expressions
-t, -tolerance=TOL Tolerance. Affects margins but not part or sheet quality
Defaults to 0.1
Example:
./dwgnest -p Parts -s Sheets -o out.dxf in.dxf
macOS specific options:
-no-dock-icon Don't show icon in dock. This should only be used
in combination with -no-gui.